Agriculture is a significant part of the Rio Grande Valley's economy, generating substantial revenue and employment. The industry's growth and development are supported by local officials and residents. The Texas Department of Agriculture has efforts to support the industry, including reviving the sugarcane industry.

However, public health concerns must be considered. The Valley has a higher incidence of certain neurological disorders, which have been linked to pesticides and herbicides used by local growers. Further details on this issue are available from local news sources, including a series of articles that explores this topic.